Verb paradigm — فَعَلَ
The مِيزَان(pattern) for the triliteral verb. The root ف‑ع‑ل is a template: wherever it appears, the حَرَكَات(vowels) around it show how that verb type is conjugated. Learn the pattern once and it transfers to any root.
The four states come from two independent choices:
| مَعْلُوم (active) | مَجْهُول (passive) | |
|---|---|---|
| مَاضِي (past) | فَعَلَ | فُعِلَ |
| مُضَارِع (present) | يَفْعُلُ | يُفْعَلُ |
Each state then has a مُثْبَت(positive) and a مَنْفِيّ(negative) form.
المَاضِي — past
Active (مَعْلُوم)
| مُفْرَد | مُثَنَّى | جَمْع | |
|---|---|---|---|
| الغَائِب (he) | فَعَلَ | فَعَلَا | فَعَلُوا |
| الغَائِبَة (she) | فَعَلَتْ | فَعَلَتَا | فَعَلْنَ |
| المُخَاطَب (you, m) | فَعَلْتَ | فَعَلْتُمَا | فَعَلْتُمْ |
| المُخَاطَبَة (you, f) | فَعَلْتِ | فَعَلْتُمَا | فَعَلْتُنَّ |
| المُتَكَلِّم (I / we) | فَعَلْتُ | — | فَعَلْنَا |
Passive (مَجْهُول)
The same endings; only the stem changes to فُعِلَ, and the doer is dropped.
| مُفْرَد | مُثَنَّى | جَمْع | |
|---|---|---|---|
| الغَائِب | فُعِلَ | فُعِلَا | فُعِلُوا |
| الغَائِبَة | فُعِلَتْ | فُعِلَتَا | فُعِلْنَ |
| المُخَاطَب | فُعِلْتَ | فُعِلْتُمَا | فُعِلْتُمْ |
| المُخَاطَبَة | فُعِلْتِ | فُعِلْتُمَا | فُعِلْتُنَّ |
| المُتَكَلِّم | فُعِلْتُ | — | فُعِلْنَا |
المُضَارِع — present
Active (مَعْلُوم)
| مُفْرَد | مُثَنَّى | جَمْع | |
|---|---|---|---|
| الغَائِب | يَفْعُلُ | يَفْعُلَانِ | يَفْعُلُونَ |
| الغَائِبَة | تَفْعُلُ | تَفْعُلَانِ | يَفْعُلْنَ |
| المُخَاطَب | تَفْعُلُ | تَفْعُلَانِ | تَفْعُلُونَ |
| المُخَاطَبَة | تَفْعُلِينَ | تَفْعُلَانِ | تَفْعُلْنَ |
| المُتَكَلِّم | أَفْعُلُ | — | نَفْعُلُ |
Passive (مَجْهُول)
| مُفْرَد | مُثَنَّى | جَمْع | |
|---|---|---|---|
| الغَائِب | يُفْعَلُ | يُفْعَلَانِ | يُفْعَلُونَ |
| الغَائِبَة | تُفْعَلُ | تُفْعَلَانِ | يُفْعَلْنَ |
| المُخَاطَب | تُفْعَلُ | تُفْعَلَانِ | تُفْعَلُونَ |
| المُخَاطَبَة | تُفْعَلِينَ | تُفْعَلَانِ | تُفْعَلْنَ |
| المُتَكَلِّم | أُفْعَلُ | — | نُفْعَلُ |
النَّفْي — negation
Core ruleحَرْف النَّفْي
is the negation letter for the past tense.
Core ruleحَرْف النَّفْي
is the negation letter for the present tense.
Negation does not change the endings, so the grids above carry over unchanged:
| Tense | Particle | Example |
|---|---|---|
| المَاضِي | مَا | مَا فَعَلَ — he did not do |
| المُضَارِع | لَا | لَا يَفْعُلُ — he does not do |
The passive follows the same rule: مَا فُعِلَ · لَا يُفْعَلُ.
→ Negation — ما and لا, with more Qur'anic examples.
The verbal sentence
| Role | Who | In مَعْلُوم | In مَجْهُول |
|---|---|---|---|
| فَاعِل (doer) | performs the act | stated | dropped |
| مَفْعُول (object) | receives the act | stated | takes the doer's place |
Going active → passive means the فَاعِل(doer) is removed and the مَفْعُول(object) is promoted to the front — which is why the passive stem is فُعِلَ and not فَعَلَ.
ضَرَبْتُ الْكَلْبَ
I hit the dog — the dog is the مَفْعُول.Example (constructed)The مَفْعُول(object) is the thing the act lands on.
Attached pronouns (لَـ)
The same pronoun order shows up attached with لَـ (to / for):
| مُفْرَد | مُثَنَّى | جَمْع | |
|---|---|---|---|
| الغَائِب | لَهُ | لَهُمَا | لَهُمْ |
| الغَائِبَة | لَهَا | لَهُمَا | لَهُنَّ |
| المُخَاطَب | لَكَ | لَكُمَا | لَكُمْ |
| المُخَاطَبَة | لَكِ | لَكُمَا | لَكُنَّ |
| المُتَكَلِّم | لِي | — | لَنَا |
These are study notes from a lesson, not a grammar reference. Worth checking any form you intend to rely on against your text or teacher.